Erythromycin and azithromycin, while effective antibiotics, can cause side effects. Gastrointestinal issues are common, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. These typically resolve upon cessation of treatment, but severe cases may require medical attention. Less frequent but more serious side effects include liver inflammation (hepatitis), which presents with jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, and light-colored stools. Immediate medical consultation is necessary if these symptoms appear.
Cardiac Effects
Both medications can prolong the QT interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG), increasing the risk of potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias, particularly torsades de pointes. This risk is heightened in patients with pre-existing heart conditions, electrolyte imbalances (low potassium or magnesium), or those taking other medications that prolong the QT interval. Careful monitoring is crucial for patients in these high-risk groups.
Contraindications
Erythromycin and azithromycin are contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to macrolide antibiotics. Pregnancy and breastfeeding require careful consideration and individualized risk assessment. Use in patients with severe hepatic impairment should be avoided due to the risk of increased toxicity. Furthermore, azithromycin, in particular, can interact negatively with certain medications, such as warfarin (an anticoagulant) and theophylline (a bronchodilator). Always inform your physician about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements, to mitigate the risk of drug interactions.
