Metoclopramide 10 mg administered intravenously (IV) is a rapid-acting antiemetic and prokinetic agent. It works by blocking dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the brain and increasing upper gastrointestinal motility.
Administer the medication slowly over at least 2-3 minutes to minimize the risk of adverse effects, such as extrapyramidal reactions.
Common uses include treating nausea and vomiting associated with various causes, including chemotherapy, post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and gastroparesis. It also accelerates gastric emptying.
Important Considerations:
| Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) (e. g., dystonia, akathisia, Parkinsonism) | Relatively common, especially with rapid administration or high doses. | Slow administration, reduce dosage, consider administering anticholinergic medication like benztropine. |
| Drowsiness | Common | Monitor patient’s alertness; advise against driving or operating machinery until effects subside. |
| Restlessness or anxiety | Less common | Observe patient and adjust dosage accordingly. |
| Hypotension | Possible | Monitor blood pressure; adjust infusion rate if necessary. |
Contraindications include hypersensitivity to metoclopramide, pheochromocytoma, and mechanical obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. Caution is advised in patients with Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and renal or hepatic impairment. Always consult the latest prescribing information for a complete list of contraindications and warnings.
Dosage adjustments may be necessary based on patient factors such as age, renal function, and clinical condition. Closely monitor the patient for therapeutic response and adverse events. Always refer to current guidelines and clinical judgment for appropriate management.
