Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), specifically HSV-1. Most people contract HSV-1 in childhood through saliva contact, often resulting in a mild, initially unnoticed infection. The virus then lies dormant in nerve cells near the mouth. Reactivation, triggered by factors like stress, sunburn, or illness, causes the characteristic blisters.
HSV-1 primarily affects the mouth and face, but HSV-2, a related virus, usually affects the genital area. However, both can affect either region. Symptoms usually appear within 2-20 days of reactivation and involve tingling, itching, and the development of fluid-filled blisters that crust over and eventually heal within 10-14 days. While unpleasant, these usually resolve without long-term complications.
Unfortunately, there’s no cure for HSV infections; the virus remains in the body. However, antiviral medications like Zovirax can shorten outbreaks and reduce their severity. These medications work by preventing the virus from replicating. Early treatment is key for optimal results. Proper hygiene, including careful handwashing, helps prevent spreading the virus to others. Avoid touching cold sores and kissing someone during outbreaks. These simple practices help limit transmission.
While recurrence is common, the frequency and severity vary between individuals. Managing triggers like stress and getting adequate rest can contribute to fewer outbreaks. Consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment options if you experience frequent or severe cold sores. They can discuss tailored management strategies and the appropriate use of antiviral medications.
