Heartworm disease, caused by the parasite Dirofilaria immitis, severely impacts a dog’s health. Adult heartworms reside in the heart, lungs, and blood vessels, causing significant damage.
Infection begins when infected mosquitoes transmit microscopic larvae into your dog’s bloodstream. These larvae mature over several months, migrating to the heart and major blood vessels. The adult worms can live for five to seven years, continuously producing microfilariae (immature worms) that circulate in the bloodstream.
- Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the infection and the dog’s overall health. Mild cases may show no obvious signs. More severe infections can cause:
- Persistent cough Fatigue and lethargy Difficulty breathing Weight loss Swollen abdomen
Severe heartworm disease can lead to:
- Heart failure Lung damage Blood clot formation Death
Diagnosis involves a blood test to detect the presence of heartworm antigens. Your veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination and might use additional tests, like chest X-rays, to assess the extent of the damage.
Prevention is key: Regular heartworm preventative medication is vital. Your vet can recommend the best option for your dog based on their age, breed, and health. Early detection is crucial: Annual heartworm testing is recommended to detect infection early and start treatment before severe damage occurs.
Remember, prompt treatment is necessary to prevent life-threatening complications. Discuss treatment options with your veterinarian; they’ll determine the best course of action based on your dog’s individual needs.
